Salt-water Invasion in Coastal Wells Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Salt-water Invasion in Coastal Wells - Essay Example This paper declares that  most importantly, they require a reliable source of freshwater for drinking and for other related purposes. Therefore, it is of great importance that the government and other stakeholders prevent saltwater invasion into the coastal wells by ensuring supportive maintenance of ground water supply.This study outlines that ground water supply amounts to one-third of the water supply within the great coastal areas of Los Angeles. Surprisingly, saltwater is continuously penetrating into some parts of the supply hence a significant part of the remainder is at risk. Relatively, the U.S. Geological scientists are working in conjunction with other local water agencies with view of establishing the main connection between coastal aquifers and the offshore geology in order to understand better saltwater intrusion processes and pathways. Finally, saltwater intrusion into coastal wells is proving to be a serious menace since without treatment, the contaminated water doe s not conform to either drinking water or agricultural standards. Nevertheless, the U.S. government is seeking to contain this disaster by carrying out intensive research. U.S Geological scientists are collaborating with Long Beach Harbors in data collection using reflection seismology acoustic technique. This collected data will help experts understand the mechanism surrounding the saltwater intrusion into coastal wells that will in turn provide the relevant measures required in order to stop the intrusion permanently.

Generally Accepted Accounting Principles Essay Example for Free

Generally Accepted Accounting Principles Essay The mutual set of accounting criteria used to develop medical centers financial statements are known as generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). GAAP are a mixture of respected criteria created by Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and accountants. The SEC has authority granted by The Securities Act of 1933 and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, to determine reporting and disclosure requirements. Oversight is the general functions of the SEC, granting the Governmental Accounting Standards Board (GASB) to determine the standards. Generally accepted accounting practices are required for accountant to follow and medical centers to use so medical centers and provide investors with a minimal level of dependability for financing determination. GAAP provides detailed information concerning the medical center fiscal returns, detailed balance and outstanding debt. GAAP guidelines are expected to be upheld by medical centers when giving an account of their economic figures through financial declarations (Finkler Ward, 2006). Going concern principle. Financial statements must be prepared with the belief that the medical center will continue operation indefinitely. Disclosure of pending cease of patient care delivery must be noted in financial statement (Finkler Ward, 2006) Principle of conservatism. Certified public accountants have an obligation to document business purchases that necessitate estimation based on their sound judgment. The total medical equipment productivity time frame and outstanding accounts receivable are illustrations for the use of estimation. In financial data reporting, auditors adhere to conservatism rules, which demands lower appraisal be selected when one or more appraisals are taking in consideration. For example, when the restoration department has reported a five -percent rate return for new MRI machine for the previous three fiscal years, but the medical centers production department claims the reported profit value is inconsistent and there is an expectation that fewer than three percent of the MRI machines will need repair service during the following year. Since there is a discrepancy, the production department will need to presents undeniable proof to authentication the appraisal, the medical center auditor has a duty to adhere to the conservatism principles and prepare for the ive-percent rate return. Losses and costs are documented when they are credible and equitably estimated. Profits are documented when achieved (Finkler Ward, 2006). Matching principle. The medical center expenditures for providing safe patient care should be documented with the corresponding fiscal year in which the income was produced. Documented in the same fiscal year as the income they help to generate. An illustration of this particular cost is the cost of products sold in the medical center, salaries paid to staff. It is consider when patients are admitted to the medical center and the supplies used to provide safe quality care. Revenue is recognized when reimbursed by Medicaid and Medicare (Finkler Ward, 2006). Cost principle. The dollar amount deducted from the budget to purchase land, medical equipment, and supplies. Assets are documented at price purchased, which is equivalent to the price paid to gain acquisition. When a medical centers assets such as property or office structures increase in worth each fiscal year, reappraisal in not required for financial reporting purposes (Finkler Ward, 2006). Objective evidence. For financial reports to be valuable, they must contain information that is pertinent, trustworthy, and organized in a consistent manner. The cost information provided is evidence-based. This means internal and external users could all agree when the medical center reports they purchased telehealth technology for 1. 5 million and they can produce evidence in a form of bank statements or detailed receipt from vendor proving payment, this is reliable information that is verifiable and objective (Finkler Ward, 2006). Materiality principle. Obligates the preparer of the financial report to correct significant errors that otherwise would cause an individual to make a different decision if provided with correct information. When time approaches to approve the budget for additional telehealth equipment, medical center executive may not approve, if they were aware that the program is not beneficial and several telehealth monitors were sitting in storage areas with the local facilities. Insignificant errors may be ignored (Finkler Ward, 2006). Consistency. Medical facilities should use the same accounting methods each fiscal year. Consistency make available significant associations to be achieved among separate fiscal years and among the fiscal reports of separate establishments that employ the similar accounting practices. If the medical center changes their accounting method, the accountant must disclose the change in the financial report (Finkler Ward, 2006). Full disclosure principle. Financial statements usually make available data about the medical center previous performance. However, imminent litigations, unsettled debt, or additional circumstances that have the potential to produce considerable negative influences on the medical centers economic status are also required to be disclosed in financial statements. (Finkler Ward, 2006). In conclusion when medical centers are in compliance with GAAP this will help preserve creditability with creditors and investors because it restore confidence with external customers that the medical center financial reports precisely depict its financial standing.

I Cant Stop Raving :: Personal Narratives Music Essays

I Can't Stop Raving It was our Friday night ritual. After school, after work, after the rest of the world started to slow to a halt, we would just be getting started. With our veins pumping nothing but caffeine and sugar, we'd shed our daytime clothes for neon in-your-face t-shirts and nylon pants big enough to hold a compact car. Following the directions on the backs of purple and blue high-gloss fliers, we'd pack the back of a heavily modified Honda Accord and set out in search of music, longing for the sounds of a bass beat. We were young, we were energetic, and we were obsessed. We were party kids. On any given weekend, we would drive anywhere from 15 minutes to two hours to find the best rave. Sometimes we would end up in a warehouse in downtown Atlanta, sometimes in an oversized barn in southern Georgia, and one time even in a large field somewhere in Alabama. But even when the location changed, the scene never did. When we arrived, there would always be a menagerie of brightly colored Hondas, Acuras, and Mitsubishis in the parking lot, and a long line of other party kids waiting outside the venue. The bass usually penetrated the walls, shaking the night outside, and teasing us as we waited to make our way inside. It was midnight, and our night would be just beginning. It was like entering something out of a hazy midnight dream. The rooms were always completely dark, broken only on occasion by the flashing of strobe lights and lasers. Ravers wore glow-in-the-dark accessories and carried glow sticks that would fly through the darkness like maniacal lightning bugs, while smoke machines would obscure all details with large quantities of gray mist. It was all very disorienting; sight became a secondary sense, our ears took over our awareness, and we were left at the mercy of the DJ. In this underground (as in: not completely legit) subculture, the DJ was our Pied Piper. We traveled to hear him spin, and his music put all of us party kids under a spell. On the dance floor the music was so loud, and the bass so intense, they were tangible. Everything else in the world subsided when the throbbing sound waves entered our bones and lifted us away. Bodies packed onto the floor would pulse in tune, unconsciously, lifted by the sounds like spirits in a primal dance.

Scrapbooking Essay

Scrapbooking Scrapbooking is a great way for me to capture the special people and events I encounter in my life. Many times I like to take pictures of family traditions, favorite things, children and my accomplishments. When creating a scrapbook, I’m able to pass down memories from my experiences to my children. Scrapbooking is a creative way to relax and have fun. The first time I started scrapbooking was after my wedding. I had many beautiful photos that were sitting inside an envelope that I wanted to put onto display. It was very easy to get started because the craft stores have pre-made kits that I could use to get my ideas started.I finished my wedding album and wanted to immediately start another one! I was at the time in the military and deployed to Iraq. This was a perfect opportunity for me to express myself. I went to the craft store and got tons of things that I thought would turn into a great scrapbook. During my time in the military I had a lot of opportunities t o travel. The places I have been are great experiences to talk about and share with family members but when I have a personally made book with photos to go along with my stories makes for a great time.Scrapbooking is a great way for me to preserve my many memories and pass down to my children. Making scrapbooks is more than just a book that will sit on my shelf. Scrapbooks are personal books with great memories preserved in a way that will make them memorable to children. Whenever my family visits they enjoy looking at what new books I have made or what I’m working on. I enjoy putting together books for family members when we get other for family traditions and I want to share our memories together. My personal time is very important to me.When I need time to get away from the craziness of daily life and raising kids, scrapbooking is the first activity I will turn too. Scrapbooking for me is a great way to relax and let my creativity fly! Although scrapbooking is one of my fa vorite things to do, it can become very costly. When working on a scrapbook I will normally only do a few pages at a time, then wait a few weeks to finish the rest. Mostly so that I can spread the cost out over a period of time, but also to give myself time to figure out how I’m going to plan the rest of the book. In conclusion, scrapbooking is a great way to relax and be creative!It can sometimes be very costly and time consuming. If you set yourself a budget and time frame of how you get your books done it will not interfere with your life. So many times people have boxes and boxes of photos under their beds or in the attic that are getting damaged and are a huge mess when trying to look at them. Scrapbooking is a awesome creative way to preserve your memories and display your own creativity. I enjoy scrapbooking for the reason of getting to pass down my greatest memories to my children in a unique way that I created that they will have for a lifetime.

Electronic Gadgets Essay

Every time you turn around, your children are requesting the newest version of a technological gadget. While one child madly texts friends in the back seat of the car, the other is scanning Facebook, admiring his 378 friends. You may simmer with frustration that their grades aren’t up to par, considering whether or not you should take their phones and/or computers away for a while. But then you remember the money you’ve spent on eBooks and learning games and you wonder, â€Å"Are electronic gadgets the problem or the solution?† The answer is, â€Å"Yes† and â€Å"Yes†. Therein lies the conundrum. As with most things in life, the true answer lies somewhere in the middle. see more:modern gadgets essay The Pros Research shows that eReaders, such as Amazon Kindle products, not only increase children’s interest in reading, but also promote their reading comprehension. In a survey of 1200 eReader owners, Amazon reported that the owners’ purchases of non-eBooks increased by 3.3 times. It appears that reading begets more reading – and with kids, that is a wonderful thing. Current education trends recognize that not everyone can read text and immediately comprehend the meaning. eReaders offer multi-media applications such as instant dictionaries, pictures, or graphics that help to illustrate examples. There are eGames that help reinforce what a student has just read. Math and vocabulary games have been proven to increase students’ interest in the classroom, as well as raising their test scores. But as Newton’s Laws of Motion illustrate; for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. The Cons In the electronic gadget arena, the negatives can be an individual’s own lack of discipline. As you sit at your computer working on a project, how often do you notice you have a new email and instantly check it? You might even type out a quick response and then get back to work. Or perhaps you think about the event you are attending at the end of the month and quickly search a few online stores to see if you can find a gift for the host. Now picture that same scenario, but imagine you are your child. He or she is working on a homework assignment that requires analytic thought, but every fifteen seconds there’s another ding or beep indicating a text has come in, Facebook has been updated, and so on. It is impossible for a child’s mind to remain engaged on the task at hand if he/she is continuously interrupted by outside distractions. Even the most disciplined of children feel the strong pull of peer pressure, and saying, â€Å"I don’t respond to texts while doing homework,† is an unlikely response to friends’ queries. You Are The Solution Electronic gadgets can be tremendous learning tools. They’re able to reach a myriad of learning styles and create a forum where children can connect with the learning style that engages them in the learning process. They make people want to read more. But, they can also be the reason that your child didn’t spend adequate time studying for tomorrow’s math quiz. You can become a part of the solution by setting an example that work time is gadget free time. Unless your child is using his/her new Kindle Fire to read a book, or play a learning game under your supervision, homework time can be gadget free time. That goes for you too. Perhaps evenings at home can be gadget free while homework is completed and dinner is shared. With a little honest conversation with your children, and some reasonable boundary setting, your children’s gadgets can be both the perfect tool and the perfect toy. What are your thoughts? If you think (like we do) that gadgets and education can co-exist in perfect harmony, then let us know in the comments section. And to find out how we are using technology in our tutoring sessions, give us a call!

Battle of Copenhagen in the Napoleonic Wars

Battle of Copenhagen in the Napoleonic Wars Battle of Copenhagen - Conflict Date: The Battle of Copenhagen was fought on April 2, 1801, and was part of the War of the Second Coalition (1799-1802). Fleets Commanders: British Admiral Sir Hyde ParkerVice Admiral Lord Horatio Nelson20 ships of the line (12 w/ Nelson, 8 in reserve) Denmark-Norway Vice Admiral Olfert Fischer7 ships of the line Battle of Copenhagen - Background: In late 1800 and early 1801, diplomatic negotiations produced the League of Armed Neutrality. Led by Russia, the League also included Denmark, Sweden, and Prussia all of which called for the ability to trade freely with France. Wishing to maintain their blockade of the French coast and concerned about losing access to Scandinavian timber and naval stores, Britain immediately began preparing to take action. In the spring of 1801, a fleet was formed at Great Yarmouth under Admiral Sir Hyde Parker with the purpose of breaking up the alliance before the Baltic Sea thawed and released the Russian fleet. Included in Parkers fleet as second-in-command was Vice Admiral Lord Horatio Nelson, then out of favor due to his activities with Emma Hamilton. Recently married to a young wife, the 64-year old Parker dithered in port and was only coaxed to sea by a personal note from First Lord of the Admiralty Lord St. Vincent. Departing port on March 12, 1801, the fleet reached the Skaw a week later. Met there by diplomat Nicholas Vansittart, Parker and Nelson learned that the Danes had refused a British ultimatum demanding they leave the League. Battle of Copenhagen - Nelson Seeks Action: Unwilling to take decisive action, Parker proposed blockading the entrance to the Baltic despite the fact he would be outnumbered once the Russians could put to sea. Believing that Russia posed the greatest threat, Nelson fervently lobbied Parker to bypass the Danes to attack the Tsars forces. On March 23, after a council of war, Nelson was able to secure permission to attack the Danish fleet which had concentrated at Copenhagen. Entering the Baltic, the British fleet hugged the Swedish coast to avoid fire from the Danish batteries on the opposite shore. Battle of Copenhagen - Danish Preparations: At Copenhagen, Vice Admiral Olfert Fischer prepared the Danish fleet for battle. Unready to put to sea, he anchored his ships along with several hulks in the Kings Channel, near Copenhagen, to form a line of floating batteries. The ships were supported by additional batteries on land as well as the Tre Kroner fortress at the northern end of the line, near the entrance to Copenhagen harbor. Fischers line was also protected by the Middle Ground Shoal which separated the Kings Channel from the Outer Channel. To hinder navigation in these shallow waters, all navigation aids were removed. Battle of Copenhagen - Nelsons Plan: To assault Fischers position, Parker gave Nelson the twelve ships of the line with the shallowest drafts, as well as all of the fleets smaller vessels. Nelsons plan called for his ships to turn into the Kings Channel from the south and have each ship attack a predetermined Danish vessel. As the heavy ships engaged their targets, the frigate HMS Desiree and several brigs would rake the southern end of the Danish line. To the north, Captain Edward Riou of HMS Amazon was to lead several frigates against the Tre Kroner and land troops once it had been subdued. While his ships were fighting, Nelson planned for his small flotilla of bomb vessels to approach and fire over his line to strike the Danes. Lacking charts, Captain Thomas Hardy spent the night of March 31 covertly taking soundings near the Danish fleet. The next morning, Nelson, flying his flag from HMS Elephant (74), ordered the attack to begin. Approaching the Kings Channel, HMS Agamemnon (74) ran around on the Middle Ground Shoal. While the bulk of Nelsons ships successfully entered the channel, HMS Bellona (74) and HMS Russell (74) also ran aground. Battle of Copenhagen - Nelson Turns a Blind Eye: Adjusting his line to account for the grounded ships, Nelson engaged the Danes in a bitter three-hour battle that raged from around 10:00 AM until 1:00 PM. Though the Danes offered heavy resistance and were able to shuttle reinforcements from the shore, superior British gunnery slowly began to turn the tide. Standing offshore with the deeper draft ships, Parker was unable to accurately see the fighting. Around 1:30, thinking that Nelson had been fought to a standstill but was unable to retreat without orders, Parker ordered the signal for break off action hoisted. Believing that Nelson would ignore it if the situation warranted, Parker thought he was giving his subordinate an honorable reprieve. Aboard Elephant, Nelson was stunned to see the signal and ordered it acknowledged, but not repeated. Turning to his flag captain Thomas Foley, Nelson famously exclaimed, You know, Foley, I only have one eye - I have the right to be blind sometimes. Then holding his telescope to his blind eye, he continued, I really do not see the signal! Of Nelsons captains, only Riou, who could not see Elephant, obeyed the order. In attempting to break off fighting near the Tre Kroner, Riou was killed. Shortly thereafter, the guns towards the southern end of the Danish lines began falling silent as the British ships triumphed. By 2:00 Danish resistance had effectively ended and Nelsons bomb vessels moved into position to attack. Seeking to end the fighting, Nelson dispatched Captain Sir Frederick Thesiger ashore with a note for Crown Prince Frederik calling for a cessation of hostilities. By 4:00 PM, after further negotiations, a 24-hour ceasefire was agreed upon. Battle of Copenhagen - Aftermath: One of Nelsons great triumphs, the Battle of Copenhagen cost the British 264 dead and 689 wounded, as well as varying degrees of damage to their ships. For the Danes, casualties were estimated at 1,600-1,800 killed and the loss nineteen ships. In the days after the battle, Nelson was able negotiate a fourteen-week armistice during which the League would be suspended and the British given free access to Copenhagen. Coupled with the assassination of Tsar Paul, the Battle of Copenhagen effectively ended the League of Armed Neutrality. Selected Sources British Battles: Battle of CopenhagenHistory of War: Battle of CopenhagenAdmiral Nelson.org: Battle of Copenhagen

Ancient Spartan Government essays

Ancient Spartan Government essays During the time in which Sparta existed, Spartans were well aware of what to expect in their life. Spartan life was simple, yet disciplined. The government of Sparta was harsh, however it was orderly and stable. Spartan government provided a life in which Spartans were offered few choices, instead, many choices would be made for them. The form of government practiced in Sparta was controlling toward the lives of children, men, and slaves. When persuing to have a child during the time of Sparta, it was extremely important to be aware of the governments role in your child's future. The Ephorate, which posesed the highest governmental power in Sparta, ran an infant system in which each newborn child would be assessed. Children who did not appear to be healthy and strong were taken and left to die on the apathate, or top of a mountain. It was made clear that no deformed children were allowed to live. However, children who apeared to be healthy and strong were given the opportunity to persue the normal Spartan life. Right from birth, a healthy male child was destined to serve in the millitary. At age 7, boys were sent to the military and athletic school. Here, they learned toughness, discipline, endurance, skills, and how to deal with severe pain. At the age of 20 a male Spartan became a soldier and persued a life with his fellow soldiers. Everyday, soldiers were forced to deal with displeasing conditions in which they were barefoot, received small amounts of food, and slept outside with no covering. They were not given many individual choices, if any at all.However, the governmental control toward men was not at drastic as it was toward slaves. The government of Sparta was extremely controlling toward slaves. Slaves were owned, and not in any way considered citizens. They were forced to cultivate the soil for the citizens who owned the land. Despite the hard work and pain a slave would endure during work, the g...

Parent-Teacher Communication Strategies for Success

Parent-Teacher Communication Strategies for Success Maintaining parent-teacher communication throughout the school year is the key to student success. Research has shown that students do better in school when their parent or guardian is involved. Here is a list of ways to keep parents informed with their childs education and encourage them to get involved. Keeping Parents Informed To help open the lines of communication, keep parents involved in everything their child is doing in school. Keep them informed about school events, classroom procedures, educational strategies, assignment dates, behavior, academic progress, or anything school related. Utilize Technology - Technology is a great way to keep parents informed because it allows you to get information out quickly. With a class website you can post assignments, project due dates, events, extended learning opportunities, and explain what educational strategies you are using in the classroom. Providing your email is another quick way to communicate any information about your students progress or behavior issues. Parent Conferences - Face-to-face contact is the best way to communicate with parents and a lot of teachers choose this option as their main way to communicate. Its important to be flexible when scheduling conferences because some parents can only attend before or after school. During the conference its important to discuss academic progress and goals, what the student needs work on, and any concerns the parent has with their child or the education that they are being provided with. Open House - Open house or Back to School Night is another way to keep parents informed and make them feel welcome. Provide each parent with a packet of essential information they will need throughout the school year. Within the packet you can include: contact information, school or class website information, educational objectives for the year, classroom rules, etc. This is also a great time to encourage parents to become classroom volunteers, and share information about parent-teacher organizations that they can participate in. Progress Reports - Progress reports can be sent home weekly, monthly or a few times a year. This way of connecting gives parents tangible evidence of their childs academic progress. Its best to include your contact information in the progress report, just in case parents have any questions or comments about their childs progress. Monthly Newsletter - A newsletter is a simple way to keep parents informed with important information. Within in the newsletter you can include: monthly goals, school events, assignment due dates, extension activities, volunteer opportunities, etc. Getting Parents Involved A great way for parents to get involved in their childs education is to give them the opportunity to volunteer and become involved in school organizations. Some parents may say they are too busy, so make it easy and provide them with a variety of ways to get involved. When you give parents a list of choices, they can decide what works for them and their schedules. Create an Open-Door Policy - For working parents it can be hard to find the time to get involved in their childs education. By creating an open-door policy in your classroom it will give parents the opportunity to help out, or observe their child whenever it is convenient for them. Classroom Volunteers - In the beginning of the school year when you send home your welcome letter to students and parents, add a volunteer sign-up sheet to the packet. Also add it to the weekly or monthly newsletter to give parents the option to volunteer anytime throughout the school year. School Volunteers - There can never be enough eyes and ears to watch over the students. Schools would gladly accept any parent or guardian that would like to volunteer. Give parents the option to choose from any of the following: lunchroom monitor, crossing guard, tutor, library aid, concession stand worker for school events. The opportunities are endless. Parent-Teacher Organizations - A great way for parents to interact with the teacher and school outside of the classroom is to become involved in parent-teacher organizations. This is for the more dedicated parent who has the some extra time to spare. The PTA (Parent Teacher Association) is a national organization that is composed of parents and teachers who are dedicated to help maintain and improve student success.

Understanding how market equilibrium is maintained is essential for Research Proposal

Understanding how market equilibrium is maintained is essential for business managers - Research Proposal Example et equilibrium in a free market environment refers to the time when the quantity of goods supplied in the market balances the demand level in the market. An equilibrium market does not encounter the challenges of excess supply as well as excess demand. In an equilibrium market, buyers and sellers have expounded understanding of the prevailing prices of goods and services as well as the quality of goods and services on offer. Clear knowledge of the prevailing market trends expels any attempts by particular sellers to increase their prices above the market value. A good knowledge of how to maintain market equilibrium is essential for most managers when making decision on the quantity of goods top supply to the market. Insight understanding of market equilibrium also assists in decision making on the methods of production to be employed. Business managers ought to have deep understanding of the laws of demand and the determinants of demand. The law of demand states that demand of a particular commodity increases with increase in quality and decrease in price. Since the sole purpose of every business organization is to increase sales volume and make more profits, business managers have no option a part from operating as per the guidelines of the law of demand. In this regard, business managers need to set their operation to ensure production of high quality products that will pose a good competitive advantage in the market (Rothbard, 2006). Improving quality of goods produced by a business organization, promises good sales volume thereby lifting the profit margins of an organization. Similarly, reducing costs of goods on sale by a business organization attracts more demand for that particular product. When demand for a product increases, it is automatic that the particular product will record high and fast sales thus improving the profits due to that product. Demand also increases with increase in the household income. Tastes of particular products also affect the

English grammar and spelling Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

English grammar and spelling - Essay Example The part that I am doing is making a program by using Microsoft Visual Basic. It can control the wireless robot by the tool panel program, which is made in Visual Basic, by using the serial communication system to send the characters through the COM port to be received by the robot wireless device. In controlling the robot movement in different directions, for example; the Visual Basic Program sends character "E" for moving forward and "C" for backward, "S" for left and "F" for right and "D" for stopping the movement. In addition to making a screen in Visual Basic program, the user is able to view the live video directly by changing the size of the screen. The user can control the robot by pressing buttons. Apart from my own efforts, the success of any project depends largely on the encouragement and guidelines of my instructors. I would like to show my greatest appreciation to my instructors for allowing me to explore fields like Robotics and Image processing. I am grateful for their constant support and help. The characterization of the BASIC language is easy to use and easy to learn. Most copies and versions of BASIC language allows the user to communicate with the computer directly. BASIC is used in the fields of science and commercial, as well as other areas. The Visual Basic program is one of the best programs for beginners. Also, the Visual Basic language is easier than C++ and Java. It is a programming language that is considered to be one of the most important computer languages in use today. The original name was Basic, but then it developed to become Visual Basic. Visual language is easy to learn, simple, powerful and famous. It also requires some logical thinking, though it is an easy way for most of the beginners to make programs specifically for them. For example, to facilitate their tasks of their daily jobs. The programming of the robot involves working on developing the capacity of some interested groups from the community; there

Manage the Product Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Manage the Product - Essay Example By focusing on software and service, the company shall have differentiated her products from the aggressive competitors especially from China. Generally, Samsung accelerates product innovation, maximize her profitability, and is determined to improve design, launch, and support her products. Samsung has position as the heart, mind, and voice of their worldwide consumers by closely monitoring their behaviors. Samsung works closely with her partners and consumers to understand how the customer behavior and marketplaces evolve. The company believes that the Software will enable their consumers to utilize both their services and devices and even understand consumers’ preference, satisfaction and improve on other areas of weakness (Cheng Web). Samsung believes that by investing in software that will enable the company receive feedback from their customers; they will definitely be smarter and quicken the evolution of the products. Investing in software will improve sales of Samsung’s hardware. The company plans to develop software that will support their main hardware business thus adding value to the hardware and boosting sales (Cheng Web). Samsung already sells a good number of screens compared to any other company globally and developing support for the hardware will make the company have a very huge platform of distributing their content and services. The company believes that careful and wonderful integration of both the software and hardware will be significant in enabling them sell the best products in the market. Samsung believes that working with startups will highly create the innovation that the company normally is normally committed to achieving. The company believes in initiating startups by having open discussions with top software and Services Company that will ensure a few people working a breakthrough

Predatory Lending Practices Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Predatory Lending Practices - Essay Example When lenders began offering loans to deprived borrowers with low or bad credit standing, sub-prime loans were priced higher to compensate for the risk. Regardless of the a client's personal credit history, these finance companies offer the chance and allowance of refinancing or new mortgage that overwhelms he borrower with high fees and expensive often unhelpful terms. Minority borrowers composed of hard working people and low-wealth are the usual of consumers availing this type of loan to obtain financing. Availability of fair credit terms should be a major priority for responsible lenders as people no matter what the noted deficiencies are members of a civilized society with moral rights to uphold regardless of condition of credit orientation. However, seemingly cognizant of the needs of this minority sector, financing institutions have blossomed giving effect to what has been observed as a tragic loophole in Federal reserves that charges people with exorbitant interests and penalt ies. When the growth in equity lending has created risk management practices in response to financial institutions with equity lending programs, financial institutions' credit risk management practices for home equity lending have not kept pace with the product's rapid growth and easing of underwriting standards. We have seen numerous fore-closures on home properties in the past years that would eventually reflect in an economic meltdown. Further studies revealed predatory practices of lending institutions as the culprit in this scenario that charged exorbitant and often unnecessary fees and interests into the gross amounts that may no longer be viable for a medium to low wage earning homeowner. How can management eliminate the negative symptoms How can management fully capitalize on an opportunity Risk Management standards would create a favorable scenario over the increased lending with favorable tax treatments that may allow home equity loans and lines attractive to its consumers that offers a modest repayment schemes and relaxed structures that was currently devoid in its system. Institutions should capitalize on the rise on home values coupled with lower interest rates that make a product more attractive yet attainable and helpful to its user. The identification of certain risk factors in the system of practices in a financial lending institutions helps to identify the culprits that serves to practice certain features that offer an "interest-only" amortization that requires no principal amount applied. Documentation or its absence provides no room for evaluative measures and appraisals within the healthy structure. Risk management systems call for lending measures conducted in a safe and sound manner pursued with adequate allowances for loan losses and appropriate capital levels without negating sound practices in the accepted lending policies. Management principles actively assess the changes in the consumer's ability to pay and the potential decline of a home value and entertain this scenario without generating allowances that charge exorbitant fees disabling the capacity of the borrower from paying his dues and eventually leading to the

Global management, people, and the digital divide Essay - 4

Global management, people, and the digital divide - Essay Example In poverty stricken areas, many people do not enjoy the benefits afforded by ICT, such as internet accessibility and networking. This is why such regions extensively rely on markets and donor driven aid to build their ICT infrastructure (Jonathan, 2005, pp. 22-25). However, failure to access such funds continues to widen the gap between the poor and the rich, especially in regard to internet accessibility. This inequality is rampant not only in developing countries, but in developed ones as well. In recognition of the identified digital divide, donors are increasingly considering the need to bridge this gap, through creation of low cost technologies, which can aid in enhancing internet accessibility in these regions. An excellent example is the recently adopted laptop per child policy, which seeks to ensure that children in underprivileged societies attain some level of technological advancement (Strover, 2003, pp. 275-277). The program further seeks to ensure that students experience a media rich environment both at home and school, which will make them more creative and critical with information technology. The program is also instrumental in increasing opportunities for students to overcome educational inequality. The One Laptop per Child (OLPC) program is a high profile initiative designed to bridge the digital divide, by providing poor kids with low cost computers that support network capability. These laptops are specifically designed to handle low-power supply, as well as, the ruggedness of poor rural and urban regions (vanDuersen and vanDijk, 2011, pp. 895-905). Additionally, the laptops’ software features graphical programs and user interface that are designed to enhance learning. For instance, in the largely rural state of Maine, students from poor backgrounds have benefited from the OPLC program by acquiring means to access

Predatory Lending Practices Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Predatory Lending Practices - Essay Example When lenders began offering loans to deprived borrowers with low or bad credit standing, sub-prime loans were priced higher to compensate for the risk. Regardless of the a client's personal credit history, these finance companies offer the chance and allowance of refinancing or new mortgage that overwhelms he borrower with high fees and expensive often unhelpful terms. Minority borrowers composed of hard working people and low-wealth are the usual of consumers availing this type of loan to obtain financing. Availability of fair credit terms should be a major priority for responsible lenders as people no matter what the noted deficiencies are members of a civilized society with moral rights to uphold regardless of condition of credit orientation. However, seemingly cognizant of the needs of this minority sector, financing institutions have blossomed giving effect to what has been observed as a tragic loophole in Federal reserves that charges people with exorbitant interests and penalt ies. When the growth in equity lending has created risk management practices in response to financial institutions with equity lending programs, financial institutions' credit risk management practices for home equity lending have not kept pace with the product's rapid growth and easing of underwriting standards. We have seen numerous fore-closures on home properties in the past years that would eventually reflect in an economic meltdown. Further studies revealed predatory practices of lending institutions as the culprit in this scenario that charged exorbitant and often unnecessary fees and interests into the gross amounts that may no longer be viable for a medium to low wage earning homeowner. How can management eliminate the negative symptoms How can management fully capitalize on an opportunity Risk Management standards would create a favorable scenario over the increased lending with favorable tax treatments that may allow home equity loans and lines attractive to its consumers that offers a modest repayment schemes and relaxed structures that was currently devoid in its system. Institutions should capitalize on the rise on home values coupled with lower interest rates that make a product more attractive yet attainable and helpful to its user. The identification of certain risk factors in the system of practices in a financial lending institutions helps to identify the culprits that serves to practice certain features that offer an "interest-only" amortization that requires no principal amount applied. Documentation or its absence provides no room for evaluative measures and appraisals within the healthy structure. Risk management systems call for lending measures conducted in a safe and sound manner pursued with adequate allowances for loan losses and appropriate capital levels without negating sound practices in the accepted lending policies. Management principles actively assess the changes in the consumer's ability to pay and the potential decline of a home value and entertain this scenario without generating allowances that charge exorbitant fees disabling the capacity of the borrower from paying his dues and eventually leading to the

Unfair democracy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Unfair democracy - Essay Example The US stands out, as one of the most democratic nations in the universe, which encompasses human rights, diversity, equality, and good governance. The world commonly refers to the United States as the land of the free. This is subject to its democratic practices, respect for human rights, and equality. However, there have been many recorded and unrecorded controversies relating to US racial inequality and unfairness in many aspects. Disappointedly, stereotypes, religious restrictions or teachings and other things, men and women, no matter if they are the same race, will always find problems when it comes to equality.Actually, there has been trusted statistics that detail aspects of discrimination, unfairness, and inequality on basis of race, ethnic group, and gender. The term race or racial group refers to the categorization of humans into populations, perhaps, ancestral groups because of various sets of heritable characteristics. Racial and ethnic identities are socially controvers ial and manifest in very conscious ways. Two conflicting social and cultural influences link this manifestation. On the other hand, an ethnic identification is a group whose members identify with each other, through a common cultural characteristic involving religion and language. This shared heritage base on ancestry, history, nationality, physical appearance, and even shared territory. The discrimination mostly happens on the less privilege and minorities. Minority often means less than half of the population though it does not necessary associate to numerical strength. Indeed, some minority groups in the US have a large population than the dominant group. For example, the black Americans refer to the majority in America, though they are economically, and politically inferior to the whites. Some of the minority groups in the US include the Hispanic Americans and Latinos. Against the common, believe that there is absolute fairness in America, there is unfairness including in the ed ucation system and in the run for political leadership. In addition, despite the common knowledge that discrimination manifests in many organizations in the US nobody qualifies its existence in the US education system. Indeed, it is arguably true that there is rampant discrimination in the education sector based on race and ethnicity and more specifically to the Hispanic community. In fact, in many cases Hispanic American citizens receive fewer privileges compared to their White counterparts. It is common knowledge that this is the first term in American history that a black president rules America. This is despite the fact that other black presidential aspirants vied and did not succeed in becoming the US president. On the other hand, this does not qualify as discrimination since the Hispanic is fewer in number to gain the majority vote leading to political leadership. Had it been a case of lacking a female president in US, then the argument would do because there are enough women in US to vote in a female despite the common notion that US embraces democracy and equality. On the same breath, with the high esteem that US hold in the word domain, one would always assume that US always conducts the fairest presidential elections in the world. Actually, the US is always an observer in other countries elections. However, this fairness is not present in US elections. Take for example the recent presidential elections where unfairness and cases of fraud dominated the aftermath of the elections. For example, in the case of Al Gore and George W Bush questions of fairness manifest. In the popularity vote, Gore got 50,996,064 votes on November 7 while George W got 50,456,167. Nevertheless, despite Gore having a majority of 539,897 votes Bush won the elections. How fair was it to win the popular vote with a margin exactly the size of Austin, Texas (Kettle Web) and fail to win the presidential elections? Additionally, in 2004, the private companies counting more than 80% of the votes refused to

Previous chest radiation Essay Example for Free

Previous chest radiation Essay Women who menstruate at an early age and menopause at a later age are likely to develop breast cancer (American Cancer Society, n. pag). This can be associated with the longer exposure to estrogen and progesterone hormones. Women who had undergone a radiation therapy on the chest area at an early age can significantly increase the risk for breast cancer, especially if the breasts are still developing when the therapy was taken (American Cancer Society, n. pag. ). Stages Breast cancer, as other kind of cancer, starts from a single dot that develops into a threatening stage when it is not detected and treated at an earliest time. The purpose of staging the disease is to ascertain the type and degree of treatment that may be applied to the patient. Normally, the stages of breast cancer start from 0 to III. Stage 0 This is otherwise known as the non- evasive breast cancer (American Cancer Society, n. pag. ). At this stage, no evidence of cancer cell breakage or invasion into other tissues can be noticed. Stage I Stage I is known by invasive breast cancer (American Cancer Society, n. pag. ). During this stage, the cancer cells starts to invade or spread to other normal tissues. The tumor can also be noticed as grows to two centimeters (American Cancer Society, n. pag. ). Although there is no lymph nodes involved (American Cancer Society, n. pag. ). Stage II At this stage, the cancer cells expands to the lymph nodes under the arm or the tumor increases up to five centimeters (American Cancer Society, n. pag). During this stage, the lymph node are not yet united to other nodes and to other normal tissues. Stage IIIA The cancer is said to have advanced to stage III when the tumor measure more than five centimeters or when the lymph nodes are clump together or stuck to one another or to other tissues (American Cancer Society, n. pag. ). Stage IIIB This stage is characterized by the spread of the tumor, at any size, to the breast skin, internal mammary gland, or chest wall (American Cancer Society, n. pag. ). This stage also includes the inflammatory breast cancer, a very serious but rare type (American Cancer Society, n. pag. ). Inflammatory breast cancer is distinguished by the redness and warmness in some or in all part of the breast. Stage IV The breast cancer has advanced to the last stage when the tumor expands on to the breast, underarm, and internal mammary lymph nodes and also on lungs, bone, or brain (American Cancer Society, n. pag. ). This stage also includes Metastatic cancer, which is the spread of cancer. Treatments of Breast cancer At an early, the suitable treatment for is the breast conservation that involves lumpectomy. On this process, the infected tissues and the surrounding normal tissues are removed (National Breast and Ovarian Cancer Centre, n. pag. ). This shall be coupled by surgery and followed by radiation therapy which is used to kill the tumor cells left after surgery. Research has shown that radiation therapy is as effective as mastectomy, which is the surgical removal of the breast. Other medication may include prescription of hormone- blocking drug tamoxifin for post- menopausal women, and ovarian ablation to younger women. Ovarian ablation is the stopping the ovaries from producing estrogen and can be done either by removing the ovaries or by prescribing certain drugs (National Breast and Ovarian Cancer Centre, n. pag. ). Chemotherapy is also used to treat breast cancer. Chemotherapy is the medication that kills cancer cells or stops them from growing (National Breast and Ovarian Cancer Centre, n. pag. ). It can be done in three strategies namely; adjuvant chemotherapy, presurgical chemotherapy, and therapeutic chemotherapy. Adjuvant chemotherapy is given to reduce the possibility of returning of the cancer and is given to people who had surgery or radiation while presurgical chemotherapy is used to shrink or kill the stray cancer cells and to completely get rid of the cancer (National Breast and Ovarian Cancer Centre, n. pag. ). Therapeutic chemotherapy, on the other hand, is given to women whose cancer has spread beyond the breast or those who have serious case of breast cancer. For advance breast cancer, the treatment may include chemotherapy. Treatments given to metastatic breast cancer are aimed to reduce the symptoms experienced by the patient so that the quality of her life may be improved. The treatments may include stopping the growth of the cancer and using one or more anti- cancer treatments depending on the parts of the body that has been affected by the cancer (National Breast and Ovarian Cancer Centre, n. pag. ). Such therapies available are high- dose chemotherapy, immunotherapies, gene therapies, and targeting therapies. However, their efficacies are not yet measured. Among the immunotherapies, only the monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) have been approved for breast cancer (National Breast and Ovarian Cancer Centre, n. pag. ). However, there are other forms that are under observation. The Herceptin or MAb trastuzumab is on top of the list which is used by women with cancer cells having too many copies of HER2/neu gene (American Cancer Society, n. pag. ). The HER2/neu gene is able to produce extra receptors to stimulate growth on the cells resulting into a more aggressive breast cancer. When the trastuzumab are attached to the receptors, the growth is lowered because the access to the cancer cells are blocked (American Cancer Society, n. pag. ). Another form of immunotherapies is the Bevacizumab or Avastin, which is an antibody that helps slow the growth of blood vessels in the tumor (American Cancer Society, n. pag. ). Some promising treatments for advanced breast cancer are interferons and interleukons, autologous vaccine therapy, and other antigen vaccine. These immunotherapies are being studied because their effectivity has not yet been ascertained. Conclusion Among the women, the disease that is very threatening is the breast cancer. Cases of breast cancer are increasing every year and so with the mortality rate. Yet treatments do not give complete assurance. Moreover, treatments are so expensive that are not available to poor patients. Cancer, as generally known, is a disease that is traitor and known only at a later stage. In order to avoid getting breast cancer, n individual shall be aware of the risk factors and avoid it as soon as possible. Works cited Baum, Michael, and Schipper, Harvey. Fast Facts Breast Cancer. Oxford: Health Press, 1999. Cadwell, Karin, and Maffei, Cindy, T. Breastfeeding A-Z: Terminology and Telephone Triage. New York: Jones Barlett Publishers, 2006. â€Å"Detailed Guide: Breast Cancer. † 13 September 2007. American Cancer Society. 24 June 2008 http://www. cancer. org/docroot/CRI/content/CRI_2_4_2X_What_are_the_risk_factors_for_breast_cancer_5.asp. Franz, Mary. â€Å"Diet and Breast Cancer. † Vegan Handbook:Over 200 Delicious Recipes, Meal Plans and Vegetarian Resources for All Ages. Ed. Debra Wasserman Reed Mangels. Vegetarian Resource Group, 1996. 193. â€Å"Genetic Testing for BRCA1 and BRCA2: Its Your Choice. † 2 June 2002. National Cancer Institute. 24 June 2008 http://www. cancer. gov/cancertopics/factsheet/risk/brca. â€Å"Treatment options. † 28 November 2006. National Breast and Ovarian Cancer Centre. 24 June 2008 http://www. breasthealth. com. au/treatment/.

The Introdution To Food Industry Marketing Essay

The Introdution To Food Industry Marketing Essay Food is a basic need and food service industry will always continue in demand. This industry includes restaurants, fast foods, and cafeterias, catering opportunities, food carts, food trunks and the like. Filipinos love to eat. This love for food and eating is the major reason why the food industry has flourished well in the Philippines and why you will see a lot of restaurants and fast foods scattered all over the country. These fast foods and restaurants can be local or international. Filipino food is considered as a unique mixture of Eastern and Western cuisines that mirrors the history of the country. It includes plates and cooking procedures from countries like China, Spain, Mexico and the United States. Even although Filipino food has been influenced by Eastern and Western countries, what makes it unique is the history, the society that introduced and adapted it and the people who accepted it into their homes and restaurants. Filipinos are not just into good food but the total dining experience, good food is just a part of it. It is the way we feel when we are within a fast food or restaurant. How it feels to dinner out with family or friends or even when youre by yourself. When choosing a restaurant or a fast food, customers usually check for the cleanliness of the place, freshness of the food, watched over premises, enough parking area, the mood, design and land of the place, and for some restaurants, even the music. The physical and emotional response is a result of all these factors. These can make the whole dining experience level better. A recent study shows that due to economic crisis, customers or consumers think that when it comes to food shopping, preparing and dining. They are not for weight loss or just eating out at fancy restaurants but they choose what they eat for wellness. They want more nutrition for their money and are more conscious of it. INTRODUCTION OF FAST FOOD Fast food is food, which is ready and served quickly at outlets called fast-food restaurants. A restaurant is an organization that serves ready food and beverages on tables set for individuals, pair or bigger groups, to be consumed primarily on the location. Restaurants serve a wide variety of food at a particular cost given on its menu card for on or off the place consumption. These include eating establishments where consumers are served at walkup or make away ordering counters for either on or off building consumption. However, most good restaurant serve food at tables to their consumers for on-premises consumption. Many of the restaurant chains, have improved their annual sales many times over, well away from the limits of the tables they can served each day, by contribution hot well packed meals through free home delivery service on orders placed through a telephone call. It is multi-billion peso businesses that continue to grow up quickly in many countries. A fast-food restaurant is a restaurant characterized both by food which is supplied quickly after ordering, and by smallest service. The food in these restaurants is often cooked in mass in advance and reserved hot, or reheated to order. Many fast-food restaurants are part of restaurant chains or license operations, and standardized food are shipped to each restaurant from central locations. In todays world, going to a restaurant has more to do with socialize then to just having a snack. Only a few decades reverse restaurants were specially target families, which situation does not hold true today. Nowadays, even children; regularly eat out with their friends, on their own. Therefore, restaurants are not just about food of ambience. On a worldwide level, they are an important supplier to the economy while on personal levels it provides us with a place to easily connect with others. OBJECTIVES To set up an existence as  a successful local fast food outlets and get a market share in Philippiness fast food industry. To make FRHANP Fries  a destination spot for malls. To expand into a number of outlets by near years, and sell the franchise to neighboring metropolitan cities. Mission : Our main goal is to be one of the most successful fast food outlets in Philippines, starting with one retail outlet located inside a major shopping mall as a market tester. Our main focus will be serving high-quality food at a great value. COMPANY SUMMARY What is FRHANP Fries? FRHANP Fries sells  foodie fries in a cone  with a  choice of paste. We use the concept of Belgian Fries, where the fries are all made from fresh potatoes and fried twice. Our outlet also provides excellent and friendly customer service to support the ambience of fun, energetic and youthful lifestyle.   Youthful and fresh surroundings We will imitate  successful establishments, such as Jamba Juice and Starbucks, which represent the majority of our core target market, between 18 to 35 years of age. Our store will feature display cooking of our featured Fries from cutting to frying. Our customers will also be able to read our in-house brochures in regards to all knowledge about Fries and our featured sauces as well as other products like burgers and shakes. Our store will be decorated with fast food setting, such as a bright counter and display menu on the wall. Quality Food Each  store will  offer nothing but freshly fried Belgian fries, sandwiches, Burgers, Shakes and variety of unique blend sauces, all served with old-fashioned home-style care. Open Everyday Our store is open everyday from 10 am to 9 pm. Variety, variety, variety A different selection of burgers and sandwiches will be featured every three months and we will also change our Indian soda flavors and shakes to accompany our fries. Start-up Summary The retail outlet will be rented at one of the target location shopping malls. Our preference is Space A, for the main reason of reaching larger traffic. Startup requirements will be financed through owner investments. http://www.bplans.com/fast_food_restaurant_business_plan/images/3ea7e45235fa4bd5ad6f924765b00e74.png Start-up Requirements Start-up Expenses Rs. Kitchen and Fixtures 1144800 Furniture and Interior 874500 Legal 159000 Rent 795000 Packaging and Stationary 450500 Contingencies 222600 Total Start-up Expenses 3646400 Start-up Assets 0 Cash Required 2650000 Other Current Assets 0 Long-term Assets 0 Total Assets 2650000 Total Requirements 6296400 Products We want to focus only on selling fries. Alcoholic drinks will not be sold in our outlet, as FRHANP Fries promotes a healthy and positive Philippino lifestyle. Instead, we will offer Idian Soda and Sandwiches  to complement the fries. The dips for Belgian style fries can also be served with sandwiches, they  are available in more than 20 flavors: Pesto Mayo Traditional Sambal Satay pulp Korean BBQ Teriyaki pulp Hot Chili pulp Thai Chili Ketchup Garlic Dip Creamy Wasabi Mayo Roasted Pepper Mayo Lava Cheese Black Pepper pulp Curry Ketchup Barbecue Jalapeno Ketchup Caribbean Islands Competitive Comparison FARHANP Fries has several advantages over its leading competitors: We expect a high degree of enthusiasm and offer a fun store with friendly staff that reflects the companys youthful and energetic culture. Supporting merchandise items that support the companys brand building. Our fried potato is made 100% fresh, compared to most fast food outlets that use frozen fries. Our dipping pulp is also made fresh without preservatives. Our innovative packaging will be more entertaining than our competitors. Company Clean Value Merchandising Hang Out Simple Fresh Cool Pop Culture FAHANP yes yes yes yes yes Yes yes yes McDonalds Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes KFC Yes Yes No Yes No No Yes No SubWay Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No Sales Literature FARHANP Fries will use advertising and sales programs to get the word out to customers. 1500 color brochures to be distributed throughout destination shopping mall and facilities: in-store, cinemas, area eateries, information during the grand opening. Half page magazine reviews in Philippiness lifestyle magazines that advertise the presence of the outlet. Sourcing Fresh potatoes will be delivered weekly by our distributor directly from the India . We also have an agreement with  Company to exclusively manufacture our Shakes and signature sauces. Future Products For now, we will focus on selling fries and signature shakes, burgers and sauces. However, as we grow further, we will add new categories to our menu, such as Belgian Sandwiches and Buffalo wings. In the future, our growth strategy will be offering the franchise of our brand to food entrepreneurs in the Philippine region. Value Meal Sales of FRHANP Fries will not only generated from the selling of its famous Belgian Fries, but also will be generated by the conception of an innovative package menu called the value meal. It primarily consists of a combination of our featured Belgian Fries, sandwiches and Indian soda at greater value than selling at individual items. Further customization could be done by selling a bigger size of fries called Uber FRHANP to attract price sensitive customers. Market Analysis Summary Consumer expenditures for fast food in Philippines rise during the end of the year 2012, followed by the recovery of Philippiness economy. The increasing number of new establishments such as fast food franchises, fancy restaurants and foodie bakeries around Philippines has shown a significant growth in this sector. Food spending is around 56% of total consumer expenditures in Philippines, and consumer  spending on leisure and recreation made up of 13% of total consumer spending. A  much broader appeal exists for weekend slots because those are the days when most of our core target market enjoys the mall going activities. Age   Youngsters, single, currently enrolled in college and high school. Family unit   We will also appeal to families (young families) with children. Gender   We will target both sexes, with a slight skew for males due to their lower attention  to dietary concerns. Income   We will appeal to the medium income individuals and to all in the lower medium income bracket. According to a recent public survey of people 15 45 years old, 80% of those interviewed like fast food. 90% of them like fast food on a regular basis, and 10% of them claimed that they like fast food very much, or love fast food. The survey also provided the following particular reasons for the increasing popularity of fast food: People have 52 weekends and three long holidays a year. Most of Philipino love to window shop, and when they do strolling around the shopping district, they need a quick bite to accommodate their activities. White-collar workers in offices have stopped bring lunch, and enjoy chicken, hamburger, pizza or other fast food joints in the vicinity. Parents give more money to kids and students to buy lunch. Fast food is naturally their first choice, because of the brand building effort that heavily targets their age group. Eating out still remains as Philippinos common habit of life. They do not perceive fast food is a luxury,  and they enjoy it by bringing their family, especially if they have smaller kids, in the environment of the western-style fast food outlets. Marketing Strategy Our strategy is based on serving our markets well. We will start our first outlet as a market tester that could become a model of the expanding number of outlets in the future. Concentration will be on maintaining quality and establishing a strong identity in the local market. A combination of local media and local store marketing programs will be utilized at each location. Local store marketing is most effective, followed by print advertising. As soon as a concentration of stores is established in a market, then broader media will be explored. By providing a fun and energetic environment, with unbeatable quality at an acceptable price in a clean and friendly outlet, we will be the talk of the town. Therefore, the execution of our concept is the most critical element of our plan. Pricing Strategy Our pricing strategy is positioned as generic, meaning that 200 INR is the average consumer spending for a snack or light lunch in Philippines. Leveraging the volume of fries, Indian Soda, Sandwiches, Burgers and signature style sauces to be sold, we are serving the majority of Philippino. Management Summary The initial management team depends on the founders, with little back-up. As we grow, we will take on additional help in certain key areas. Part of our basic philosophy will be able to run our executive management as a knowledge sharing fellowship. We will not add additional overhead until absolutely necessary. This will mean that the initial staff support team will have to work extra. By doing this, we will keep our overhead as low as possible, allowing us to adequately staff our outlets. This will also allow us and future business partners to recoup investments as quickly as possible and enjoy a higher return. At present time, FRHANP Fries is being owned by its 6 founders. Management Team FRHANP Fries is currently the creative idea of its six founders. As the company is small in nature, it only requires a simple organizational structure. Implementation of this organization form calls for all four individuals to make all major management decisions in addition to monitoring all other business activities. As we expand into multiple locations, each location will have a primary site manager. Organizational Structure Future organizational structure will include a director of store operations when the store locations exceed four units. We hope that this individual will come out of the ranks of our stores management. This will provide a supervisory level between the executive level and the store management level. Possible positions might be added at a later date include marketing manager, purchasing manager, controller, human resources, RD and administrative support team. Personnel Plan Our initial employees will  include two  cashiers, two cooks and two bike boys per location, with one of each on the premises during open hours. This is considered an ideal personnel number for a food outlet the size of our own. Each employee will work for 38-40 hours per week. Personnel Plan (Approx.) Personnel plan Year-1 Site manager 0 cashiers 1,90,800 Cook 1,52,640 Bus boy 1,24,020 Total people 12 Total payroll 4,67,460 Start-up Funding Currently, the company is owned by the original 6 founders, who each will contribute Rs.30,60,000 for the same amount of share, 25%. This will more than cover start-up requirements, and provide the business with a cash pillow to use for expansion over the first year. Start-up Funding Start-up Expenses to Fund 36,46,400 Rs. Start-up Assets to Fund 26,50,000 Total Funding Required 62,96,400 Assets Non-cash Assets from Start-up 15,90,000 Cash Requirements from Start-up 26,50,000 Cash Balance on Starting Date 37,53,600 Total Assets 79,93,600 Liabilities and Capital Liabilities Current Borrowing 0 Long-term Liabilities 0 Accounts Payable (Outstanding Bills) 0 Other Current Liabilities (interest-free) 0 Total Liabilities 0 Capital Total Planned Investment 42,40,000 Loss at Start-up (Start-up Expenses) (36,56,400) Total Capital 1,83,60,000 Total Capital and Liabilities 37,53,600 Total Funding 44,00,000 Projected Profit and Loss As the Profit and Loss shows,  FRHANP Fries will run at a profit or loss for the first year, using up some of the cash reserves initially invested by the founders. As sales increase, we will expand into new locations to aggressively spread brand recognition. This increase in visibility will allow us to take up less expensive locations off of Orchard Road, while maintaining our flagship operation, the first store, in a  prime spot. http://www.bplans.com/fast_food_restaurant_business_plan/images/ae0e382ef4e34aa6b836c9db8ae7becb.png We recommend using Business Plan Pro as the easiest way to create graphs for your own business plan. Year-1 (Rs.) Sales 1,47,95,639 Direct Cost of Sales 32,83,721 Other Costs of Sales 0 Total Cost of Sales 32,83,721 Gross Margin 1,15,11,971 Gross Margin % 77.81% Expenses Payroll 46,74,600 Marketing/Promotion 5,30,000 Depreciation 0 Rent 92,22,000 Utilities 1,35,150 New location setup 13,25,000 Total Operating Expenses 1,58,86,750 Expenses Profit Before Interest and Taxes (4374779) EBITDA (4374779) Taxes Incurred 0 Net Profit (4374779) Net Profit/Sales -29.57% Projected Cash Flow The following chart and table show the Projected Cash Flow for FRHANP Fries. http://www.bplans.com/fast_food_restaurant_business_plan/images/bb9ce2d1db1244898fee2612c6fa41d6.png Year-1 (Rs.) Cash Received Cash from Operations Cash Sales 14,795,639 Subtotal Cash from Operations 14,795,639 Additional Cash Received Sales Tax, VAT, HST/GST Received 0 New Current Borrowing 0 New Other Liabilities (interest-free) 0 New Long-term Liabilities 0 Sales of Other Current Assets 0 Sales of Long-term Assets 0 New Investment Received Subtotal Cash Received 14,795,639 Expenditures Year-1 Expenditures from Operations Cash Spending 4,674,600 Bill Payments 12,946,045 Subtotal Spent on Operations 17,620,645 Additional Cash Spent Sales Tax, VAT, HST/GST Paid Out 0 Principal Repayment of Current Borrowing 0 Other Liabilities Principal Repayment 0 Long-term Liabilities Principal Repayment 0 Purchase Other Current Assets 0 Purchase Long-term Assets 0 Dividends 0 Subtotal Cash Spent 17,620,645 Net Cash Flow (2,824,953) Cash Balance 35,928,647 Projected Balance Sheet FRHANPs projected company balance sheet follows. Assets Year 1 (Rs.) Current Assets Cash 35,928,647 Other Current Assets 0 Total Current Assets 35,928,647 Long-term Assets Long-term Assets 0 Accumulated Depreciation 0 Total Long-term Assets 0 Total Assets 35,928,647 Liabilities and Capital Current Liabilities Accounts Payable 1,549,826 Current Borrowing 0 Other Current Liabilities Subtotal Current Liabilities 1,549,826 Long-term Liabilities 0 Total Liabilities 1,549,826 Paid-in Capital 42,400,00 Retained Earnings (36,46,400) Earnings (4,374,779) Total Capital 34,378,821 Total Liabilities and Capital 35,928,647 Net Worth 34,378,821

Industrial Engineering :: Engineer Engineering Essays

Industrial Engineering What is industrial engineering? The field of industrial engineering has had many definitions given to it. Most of the definitions include all of the same elements stated in slightly different ways. For example the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET) defines industrial engineering as the profession in which a knowledge of the mathematical and natural sciences gained by study, experience and practice is applied with judgment to develop ways to utilize economically, the materials and forces of nature for the benefit of mankind. [1] The American Institute of Industrial Engineers (AIIE) defines industrial engineering as concerned with the design, improvement and installation of integrated systems of people, materials, equipment and energy. It draws upon specialized knowledge and skill in the mathematical, physical and social sciences together with the principles and methods of engineering analysis and design to specify, predict and evaluate the results to be obtained from such systems. [1] Both definitions describe industrial engineering as a broad field concerned with integrating all the different aspects in a service or production environment. Part of being an industrial engineer is learning how to balance changes. History The origins of industrial engineering can be traced back to many different sources. Fredrick Winslow Taylor is most often considered as the father of industrial engineering even though all his ideas where not original. Some of the preceding influences may have been Adam Smith's treatise The Wealth of Nations, published in 1776, Thomas Malthus’s Essay on Population, published in 1798, David Ricardo’s Principles of Political Economy and Taxation, published in 1817, and John Stuart Mill’s Principles of Political Economy, published in 1848. [1] All of these works provided Classical Liberal explanations for the successes and limitations of the Industrial Revolution. Adam Smith was an economist as were most of his contemporaries at the time. "Economic Science" is the phrase to describe this field in England prior to American industrialization. The amount of influence this literature had on Taylor is unknown. Another major contributor to the field and precursor to Taylor was Charles W. Babbage. Babbage was mathematics professor at Cambridge University. One of his major contributions to the field was his book On the Economy of Machinery and Manufacturers in 1832. In this book he discusses many different topics dealing with manufacturing, a few of which will be extremely familiar to an IE. Babbage discusses the idea of the learning curve, the division of task and how learning is affected, and the effect of learning on the generation of waste.

Product Life Cycle Essay

â€Å"The international product life cycle (PLC) theory of trade states that the location of production of certain kinds of products shifts as they go through their life cycles, which consist of four stages—introduction, growth, maturity, and decline. † There are many ins and outs when a company is putting a product into production and distribution. You must be able to assess the the impact that it is going to gain for your company, for instance when Blackberry makes new phones they have to decide what is going to be a draw for consumers from the operating system, he abilities that come with the phone from wifi connectivity, gps, instant messaging, camera capabilities, battery power and many other options that the consumer is going to inquire about in the competitive market of cell phones and cell phones manufactures, and the distribution and profitability is going to be the marker of success of the product. This is a decision that concept teams and designers must deal with when making a product; we are going to look at the company Audi a German car manufactures that has had great success with their automobile and the history s impeccable and with the impact we are going to look at the life cycle in what goes into making this car company, one of the best car makers and manufactured vehicles in the world today. â€Å"Arrival of the product’s maturity stage is evident when competitors to begin to leave the market, sales velocity is dramatically reduced, and sales volume reaches a steady state. At this point in time, mostly loyal customers purchase the product. â€Å"The Audi A4 has reached a stage of maturity that doesn’t have the onslaught of new buyers, the Audi lineup has diversified itself ith select products that offer a more entry level product that is better on gas, and has more of the financial impact with new design concepts, with wagons, coupes, smaller engines that are preserving the manufacturer’s competitive edge in the automobile industry. The A4 is still an important cog in the Audi machine, but the popularity of the A3 and, latterly, the A1 have eased the burden of expectation quite considerably. Perhaps that makes it a little easier for Audi to finesse this latest generation A4 without too much in the way of compromise. † â€Å"In the wake of the global financial and economic crisis, the drastic slump on stock arkets worldwide initially continued unabated at the start of 2009. Thanks to the many state rescue packages for the financial sector and supporting measures by leading central banks, the situation on the capital markets then stabilized towards the end of the first quarter. † So with the banks of the home country are helping to lend the finances need to invest in Audi’s financial growth and the supplement of income, generates the opportunity for the company to continue their worldwide success, of exporting one of the leading German automobiles in the world. Europe has proven to be a happy hunting ground for Audi and it now has both Mercedes and BMW looking over their shoulders. For the six-month period under review, total European sales grew 13. 5 per cent to about 382,850 cars with its SUV sales up 23. 5 per cent over the ame period last year. † So the overall positioning and product sales are being generated for the company in their home country and is having great success from the sale from their entire lineup and with the generated revenue from the public sector, the company’s growth financially is leading to the verall success of the car manufacturer. As the year progressed, the increasingly positive business indictors and initial signs of recovery in the global economy fueled sharp gains on major international stock markets. A resurgence in confidence in stock markets among market players resulted in many indices finishing the year well up. † With the public stimulation in the stock of the company they are being rewarded for the great innovation, stability and creativity they have when they are entering foreign markets and their market as well. With the financial backing the company is oing to grow and with the company growing around %24 from the previous year their products will continue to have a great international impact. â€Å"Trading groups, whether bilateral or regional, are an important influence on MNEs’ strategies. Such groups can define the size of the regional market and the rules under which companies must operate. Companies in the initial stages of foreign expansion must be aware of the regional economic groups that encompass countries with good manufacturing locations or market opportunities. For instance when you have a company that assesses the needs of their roduct in a foreign market, there is cost associated with the export of their product and with the agreements that the company has that is protected by trade agreements the company will save monies in the long run and withstand the impact of their product being sold in other markets, by sometimes having that price reduction of tax, shipping cost when building that relationship, to progress the growth in their company and in both markets of goods exported and sold. One of the factors behind the success of the brand in Jamaica, Stewart believes, is its affordability despite it being a premier brand. With the brand being sold well in the Jamaican market the bilateral agreement will have success because of the impact that the affordability in this market will have great growth for the company and Jamaica’s market as well. â€Å"In China, mobility is happening top-down. That society’s elite has long been driving full-size cars; the new, affluent middle class is now discovering smaller premium vehicles. In India, mobility is taking shape in the lower segments; the premium markets for larger vehicles is now growing continuously. † With the multilateral movement as well the company is growing in many foreign markets with nd aiding the backing of the Audi brand, that has shown great impact financially for the company and benefits in operating in these markets, reflect the %24 growth. European companies taking advantage of free trade in the Caribbean Single Market Economy (CSME) by establishing trade offices in Jamaica or distribution agreements with Jamaican companies with a view to providing your goods or services to the Caribbean Single Market Economy. † The free trade agreement offers the company to enter the Jamaican market and gain financial traction from the public, buying their cars at a affordable price, the ilateral agreement helps in terms of sales and distribution in allowing the flexibility, opportunity and growth needed for the company and as well as stimulating the Jamaican market. â€Å"Many more people in Jamaica are buying Audi motor vehicles because the brand is cool and its drivers have no class pretensions. They generally tend to be professional, well read and discerning. † â€Å"Audi will launch diesel engine options for the A8, A6, and Q5 in the U. S. within the next 24 to 30 months, according to an announcement made today by Johan de Nysschen, he president of Audi’s American division. † If you are an American you know what it means to fill up at the gas station and know that you won’t last that long on the road, until the next time that you are going to need more gas. One approach that Audi has take is going forward with producing electrical and diesel based engines so that the longevity and affordability of these vehicles will extend the product life cycle. It has been show that these to engine styles extend the life of the vehicle and with that the investment of the vehicle is more bang for the dollar to he average consumer that is looking for a quality investment, and not a stockpile of metal that will need to be resold to the dealership when the miles get high, and will take a finances will take a sharp turn because of this factor. So with that vehicles in America and worldwide not mattering if you’re talking Europe, the Caribbean Islands, China, Canada or Mexico the car maker is looking out for the investor in their vehicles and with the innovation for extended life to their products, safety and creativity in design, and luxury the auto brand maker will continue the company’s rapid growth in all markets they penetrate. Sustainable, superior financial strength is underpinned in particular by continuously optimizing process and structures, realizing reduced costs and ensuring systematic investment management. A high level of self-financing safeguards investments, preserving the ability of Audi AG to innovate and act. The aim is continue financing investment from self generated cash flow. † This will be the backbone of the company for progression and distancing itself from competitors by being able to provide luxury, innovation, and creativity for the consumer in a locations of the world that the company serves.

Las Dos Fridas (The Two Fridas) – Frida Kahlo Painting

Magdalena Carmen Frida Kahlo Calderon, or Frida Kahlo, was a painter born in Mexico in 1907 and died in 1954. Her father was German and her mother was Mexican Indian. From her childhood, she was diagnosed with polio, a disease that infects the spine, and the disease left her right leg distorted. At 18, returning from her art school, the bus she was riding in hit a tram and an iron bar pierced her abdomen/pelvis area. Her legs and vertebrae suffered serious damage. The accident was a turning point in her life. In her hospital bed, she installed a mirror above her bed. She painted many works, most of which were self-portraits.In 1928, Frida met Diego Rivera, whom she married a year later. She could not have children with him because of the accident. Frida was a huge part of the surrealism movement, and a good example of this would be her painting, â€Å"Las Dos Fridas† (â€Å"The Two Fridas†). This work was painted in 1939, shortly after her divorce from Diego Rivera. The painting depicts two different personalities, or versions of her, sitting on a bench. The Frida on the left is clad in a Victorian era wedding dress (this depicts the Frida that Diego left), and the one on the right wears a Tehuana, which is the part of Frida that Diego loved and respected.The hearts of the two Fridas are exposed. The one on the left’s heart is broken, and the one on the right’s heart is whole. The fact that she is holding her own hand could suggest that she wants us to see that she is her only companion. The composition of the foreground makes the two women the centre of attention, and the gloomy sky in the background could reflect inner turmoil. Despite the deeper meaning of the portrait, both Fridas look equally as confident and officious.Movement in this portrait is very little, the only thing we can see that is actively moving is the cut artery from her heart which is squirting blood. This is the first thing that caught my attention. I think, pai red with the scissors in her hand, this could imply self-destruction but giving the circumstances one would be right to assume heartbreak. The actual make-up of the painting is very pristine, with her use of oil on canvas. The brush strokes are delicate, precise and give a realistic effect. There’s a lot of depth in the painting, like in the folds of her dresses and the use of shadow.Frida has shown light and dark tones clearly by making herself the lightest and most vibrant subject in the area, which in contrast, is very dark and almost sinister. Despite the contrast, there’s still a sort of darkness all throughout the painting. The portrait gives an overall negative vibe; it makes me feel sympathetic towards her. The use of line is very subtle and is immaculately blended. The most colourful thing in the foreground is the happy Frida on the right, who wears blue, orange, and gold tones. There doesn’t seem to be an obvious colour scheme.Frida in the white dress is very neutral; it complies of subtle tones of olive and lilac, and overall the wedding dress is a blend of harmonious colours. The painting is, in my opinion, half cold tones and half warm tones. The representation of herself in the painting is realistic but her style of painting gives it an almost cartoon effect. I really adore this painting. I like it because it’s obviously something which holds much deeper meaning. It’s symbolic of heartbreak, despair and deceitfulness but, ultimately, is a representation of empowerment and sticking by your side when no one else will.

What Are the Main Causes of Food Insecurity in the World Today?

What are the main causes of food insecurity in the world today? Outline and evaluate 2 or 3 possible solutions to food insecurity problems Currently, millions of people across the globe suffer from under-nutrition and hunger. In 2007, the UN (United Nations) estimated that there are approximately 850 million people who suffer undernourishment in the world today. It also reported that 799 million undernourished people live in developing countries, most of which are on the African and Asian continents. Reportedly, the major contribution to this international issue has been food insecurity (FAO, 2008, p. 8). It affects people ranging from individual to national level with various causes, particularly neglect of agriculture and natural disaster in developing countries (FAO, 2005, no page given). This essay will identify two main causes of food insecurity which have been said above and also it will outline and evaluate two possible solutions to food insecurity problems: improving agriculture and humanitarian aid system. It is necessary to define the meaning of food security before its causes can be considered. Commonly, the concept of food insecurity is the state of being unable to have both physical and economic access to enough and nutritious food (WHO, 2008). Socially, people who are in this state often cannot maintain household food supplies and suffer from under nutrition (FAO, 2005). This situation prevails when nations lack sustainable access to sufficient, safe and, nutritious food for productive and health living (WHO, 2008). According to an on-line journal by Getachew (2008, no page given), neglect of agriculture has been ascribed as the major cause of food insecurity from short-term shocks. Other search illustrates that natural disasters can have significant impacts on food security from long-term shocks (FAO, 2005). Millions of people around the world are affected on food insecurity by various issues especially downgrading agriculture and natural disaster. Having outlined the definition of food security, it is now possible to consider the main causes of food insecurity. There are various factors that contribute to food insecurity in different parts of the world. First, neglect of agriculture especially in developing countries is such a key ause of chronic food insecurity (Makoni, 2010, no page given). According to Khasnobis (2009, p230), the amount of foreign aid allocated to agricultural activities has decreased from 19 per cent in 1980 to 4. 5 per cent in 2009. Nevertheless, only a few governments have attained the 2003 Maputo Declaration which required every nation to allocate 10 per cent of its budget to agriculture. It can be said that this has consequently led to poor infrastructure, along with poor food-storage facilities, which risk such nations in suffering food shortage in case of crop failure. Indeed, food insecurity is likely to be greater in areas with lower agricultural knowledge (USDA, 2010, no page given). According to an on-line article by Makoni (2010, no page given), 80 percent of population in Africa depend on agriculture and people become more poor because of low productivity and consequently, 30 percent suffer from hunger daily. Therefore, it could be argued that this evidence illustrates that chronic neglect of agriculture can lead to low productivity, poverty, and eventually chronic food insecurity. Secondly, natural disasters can be considered as another major cause of food insecurity. According to an on-line article in FAO (2008, no page given), in the past two decades, the number of sudden onset natural disasters including floods, hurricanes and earthquakes has increased dramatically from 14 per cent in the 1980s to 27 per cent since 2000. In the result of this, the number of food insecurity has increased sharply during the same period (FAO, 2008, no page given). Food security is affected by natural disasters through its impact on local and national food systems. Recently, the impact of natural disasters has created a fall in agricultural product prices and therefore this current price led to inconvenient conditions for farmers in developing countries (FAO, 2002, no page given). Under the circumstance, producers use less money for improvements on the nature of farming land such as fertilizers and manure which are normally not affordable by poor farmers (FAO, 2002, no page given). Thus it causes a bad effect on food production in developing countries and eventually food insecurity. Moreover, when natural disasters occur, poor households suffer great economic losses, resulting in deepening their poverty further. These losses can trap them in food insecurity. As a result, it seems that natural disasters are one of the causes of food insecurity. Now, the remainder of this essay will discuss solutions for the two causes of food insecurity which have been argued above. In order to solve food insecurity problems, improving agriculture can be one of the solutions. International donors and the government in developing countries had neglected agriculture for a long period and it causes food insecurity. In 2008, the World Bank, in its annual development report, admitted that greater investment in agriculture is needed to solve food insecurity problems (Makoni, 2010, no page given). Investment in agriculture can make the governments to ensure that farm materials and equipment are available to farmers at fair prices. Moreover, government is also able to ensure that farmers in the rural areas have easy and convenient access to the necessary farming requirements (FAO, 2008, no page given). This can be achieved by setting up stores for supplying these materials and equipment in every region at strategic places (Khasnobis, 2009, p231). Thus, it can be said that improving agriculture including investment for the availability of materials and equipment can allow people to record high productivity and it leads to solve food insecurity problems. However, it requires an enormous amount of investment in these materials and equipment and so it is not a constructive solution if the developing countries assets are in a bad shape. Furthermore, it is essential to address that climate change problems still affect on agriculture improvement in developing countries even the governments invest in these materials and equipment. Recently, impact of climate change on food production in developing countries has been increasing and at this rate, its impact will be double by 2060 (FAO, 1996, no page given). This means that it is also necessary to invest in agriculture to increase the resilience of present food production systems due to climate change problems. For example, investment in drip systems and sprinklers enables farmers to produce more food with less water (Postel, 2001, no page given). However, it is a long term solution and a large amount of funds is needed to offer these systems to every farmer. It could be said that investment in agricultural materials and equipment is one of the solutions to solve the food insecurity problems, and it should be concerned that investment to improve the food production systems is also needed because of climatic changes. However, a large amount of funds and time is needed for these solutions so, it can be said that these solutions are not so practical for food insecurity problems. Secondly, improving humanitarian aid system for natural disasters can be another solution for food insecurity due to the fact that natural disasters cause food insecurity. When natural disasters happen in developing countries, it causes the direct physical damages on crops and the indirect impacts especially, loss of potential production due to deteriorated the nature of farming land, and increased productions cost (UN, 2008). Thus, when natural disasters especially sudden onset disasters happen, the immediate humanitarian aid, particularly medical support, relief supplies and food aid for disaster refugees is needed as it causes food insecurity eventually. According to an on-line article in Oxfam International (2009, no page given), the number of people affected by national disasters will increase by 54 per cent to 375 million people in the next five years. However, the aid response is fickle, too little and not good enough. One of the reasons for this is political preferences make aid unfair (Oxfam, 2009, no page given). For example, in 2004, while an average of only $23 was spent for each victim of the crisis in Chad, an average of $1,241 was spent per person affected by the Asian tsunami (Oxfam, 2009, no page given). Therefore, it is essential to improve the immediate aid system promptly without political preferences so that it is possible to prevent the agricultural damages from spreading. As it is mentioned earlier, backward aid for natural disasters is important to prevent agricultural damages. Moreover, proactive aid is also needed to prepare for disasters to decrease the damage from it (Oxfam, 2009, no page given). Investment for researching data on past natural disasters can be one of the examples. It is an effective but not easy solution without the help of national governments. The United Nations should propose some ideas for improvement of proactive aid. It is a solution with long-term effects which reduce the impact of natural disasters and mitigate food insecurity. Food insecurity is highly dependent on agricultural production and is caused by natural disasters. Therefore, both an immediate aid and a proactive aid for disasters are needed to solve food insecurity problems. It is necessary that national governments help to improve these aid systems. In conclusion, this essay has identified that neglect of agriculture and natural disaster are the main causes of food insecurity today. Both of these causes lead to great economic losses, poverty and eventually food insecurity in developing countries. These causes are not directly related to food insecurity. However, they indirectly cause the major people’s food insecurity problems. In order to solve food insecurity problems, improving agriculture by investing for agricultural materials and present food production systems could be one of the major solutions. Another solution for food insecurity is improving immediate and proactive aid systems. Thus, it could be argued that both long-term and short-term solutions are needed for food insecurity problems.